Uso de las ecosondas para estimar la densidad de los peces en jaulas de cultivo Categoría: Sistemas de Cultivo

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Categoría: Sistemas de Cultivo
 

Los investigadores están creando una herramienta que permitirá a los piscicultores generar estimaciones más precisas del número y tamaño de su población de peces.

Los métodos confiables para estimar el número, el tamaño o la biomasa de los peces en una jaula siguen siendo un desafío en la acuicultura.

El enfoque más común implica tomar muestras en el sitio, un método costoso, que requiere mucho tiempo y es inexacto.

Los piscicultores necesitan métodos más fiables para que puedan gestionar mejor su población.

Como parte del proyecto PerformFISH, los investigadores de SINTEF Ocean (SINTEF, Noruega) y el Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR, Grecia) están contribuyendo al desarrollo de nuevos métodos para la estimación de la biomasa de peces de cultivo mantenidos en jaulas.

Los métodos desarrollados por SINTEF y HCMR aprovechan la tecnología de ecosondas.

Esta técnica se basa en transmitir regularmente un pulso acústico y analizar la señal de retorno después de que haya rebotado en uno o varios objetivos.

Los investigadores analizan los intervalos de tiempo entre la transmisión y la recepción, así como la intensidad de la señal. Este es un enfoque similar al que se usa en los sistemas de sonar.

La tecnología ya se utiliza como parte de los “buscadores de peces” para la pesca comercial o recreativa, y ahora los científicos lo vienen aplicando cada vez más a la acuicultura. Sin embargo, el contexto de la acuicultura representa un desafío.

Como lo explica el Dr Walter Caharija, investigador principal de SINTEF Ocean: “En aguas abiertas, la tecnología de ecosondas se utiliza para encontrar bancos de peces. Pueden dar una estimación del tamaño de la población, pero lo que es más importante es la ubicación”.

Según Caharija, en la acuicultura, los piscicultores ya saben dónde se encuentran sus peces, pero es importante conocer la densidad de peces en la jaula. “En un entorno marino en 3D, con cientos de peces nadando en todas las direcciones, ¡es difícil tener un buen recuento!” destacó.

El equipo de investigación está realizando pruebas para comprender cómo interactúan las ecosondas con las capas de peces que se encuentran en una jaula típica de acuicultura.

El principal desafío es tener en cuenta un “efecto de sombra”: algunos peces son “invisibles” para la ecosonda debido a que están ocultos detrás de otros peces en la jaula.

Los investigadores realizaron experimentos utilizando dos pequeñas jaulas de prueba, cada una con una cantidad conocida de peces.

Ellos colocaron las jaulas a diferentes distancias entre sí y desde una ecosonda, y luego midieron los resultados del ecograma producidos por la interacción de la ecosonda con el pez.

Mediante la comparación de estos resultados del ecograma sin procesar con la densidad real de peces en las jaulas, el equipo de investigadores puede calibrar la herramienta para que proporcione una estimación confiable de la densidad de peces para los administradores de las granjas de peces.

Caharija manifestó “estamos logrando un progreso emocionante y espero seguir desarrollando esto. Estamos construyendo una base a partir de la cual estamos aprendiendo a utilizar una ecosonda para estimar mejor la biomasa en una jaula de producción. Junto con HCMR, nuestro socio de Grecia, nuestros próximos pasos implicarán un mayor análisis de datos y perfeccionar nuestros métodos antes de pasar a planes de explotación y difusión más concretos”.

Su colega, Espen Eilertsen agregó: “Kongsberg Maritime, un proveedor y fabricante de ecosondas de renombre, está mostrando un gran interés en nuestras actividades de PerformFISH y estamos manteniendo un diálogo productivo y mutuamente beneficioso”.

Para obtener más información y seguir la evolución del proyecto visite PerformFISH

 

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Gustavo Arencibia Carballo

Gustavo Arencibia Carballo

Ver entradas deGustavo Arencibia Carballo

Cuba, La Habana. Investigador del Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, doctor en Ciencias en el Uso, Manejo y Preservación de los Recursos, y maestro en Ciencias del Agua.

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